One of the most important reflections of contemporary urbanization is the emergence and spread of harmful neighborhoods in the center or around cities. These settlements can be considered as forgotten and unplanned parts in comparison with other urban settlements, which are highly sustainable in terms of sustainability The aim of this study is to determine the level of stability of informal settlements in Ardebil and prioritize them for future planning. It has been done. The current research is applied in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The required information was collected through library and field studies. The statistical community of the 15 informal settlements in the city of Ardabil. To analyze the data, Excel software and SPSS software were used and using the barometric model, the stability of the stability levels of the target areas was determined and finally maps were mapped for better representation using ArcGIS software. According to the results of the implementation of this model, the Salman Abad area with a score of (0. 501) has a moderate sustainability and then the Kazemabad neighborhood (344/0), Islamabad (0. 200) in the situation of potential instability and other neighborhoods The goal is in an unstable state. In general, target ecosystems average (0. 21l) and human well-being (0. 249) are at very low levels in terms of overall target well-being. Therefore, it can be concluded that the level of sustainability in these neighborhoods is not well-suited. Therefore, development plans are appropriate to the strengths and weaknesses of each neighborhood based on the sustainability levels of each of these settlements.

Green architecture is one of the new trends and approaches in architecture that has been considered by many designers, managers, urban planners and building designers in recent years. This new architecture, which arises from the concepts of sustainable development, seeks to adapt and harmonize with the environment, one of the basic human needs in today's world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the fulfillment of criteria and principles of green architecture from the perspective of citizens as the main actors of Rasht. . Finally, for data analysis, SPSS software, one-sample t-test and Excel software were used. Then, using the sustainability barometer model, the sustainability of green architecture in Rasht was measured from the citizens' point of view. Research components include energy conservation, working with climate, reducing the use of new resources, respect for the site, respect for users. The results show that the sustainability of green architecture was average (0. 48),This indicates the unfavorable situation in all components of green architecture in the city of Rasht. But the point to consider in this weak stability (0. 396) is the energy protection component compared to other components,This is due to the lack of change and culture in the use of new energy. Question: 1. What effect does environmental harmony have on green architecture? 2. What effect does environmental compatibility have on green architecture? Target: 1-Green architecture has a sustainable effect on the environment. 2. Green architecture has a tremendous impact on harmony with the environment

Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop simulation models which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The model was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to model evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed model was calibrated and run for simulation. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the model can strongly predict wheat development stages.

Today, one of the most widely used natural language representation methods is meaning representation for text processing in different systems. Meaning representation methods have had many applications in the field of natural language processing in recent years, including automatic text summarization systems and question and answer systems, etc. Many text expressions may be different in terms of grammatical structure, but they are the same in terms of meaning, so how to apply a single and uniform meaning to them is one of the challenges of text processing. The main goal of this paper is to design an Integrated Semantic Representation (ISR) model for natural language. The proposed model, while maintaining its simplicity in annotation and understanding, does not depend on specific natural language features or on syntactic and lexical structure. In this regard, several examples in both English and Persian language, which have different in terms of written and grammatical structure, are presented in this paper. Moreover, by using the proposed model, the same representation is provided for texts with the same meaning and different grammatical structure. The proposed model is designed in graph and list format is recommended to annotate its corpuses. One of the main features of this model is that it can represent semantic relations at both sentence-level and document-level and is able to represent complex and important linguistic phenomena such as aspect, tense, and quantification. The simplicity of the proposed model helps to avoid making language processing slow or complicated in various applications, and the preparation of structures based on this model for different natural languages will not be too complicated, so that it can be used both for natural languages with low resources and for those with various resources. Further, features of the proposed model are compared with one of the most important related works.

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a model for designing the resilience model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses. Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software. Findings: Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses. Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.

Background and Aim: Job enrichment is a method that has been used to increase employee satisfaction and work motivation. The Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model (1976) has served as the foundation for many job enrichment efforts. In particular, a considerable amount of research has been devoted to the study of the job characteristics-job satisfaction relations. Te purpose of this study was to statistically determine the relation between job characteristics and job satisfaction among employees of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) in 2007. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional one, including 6 TUMS-affiliated hospitals-Emam, Shariati, Baharlo, Ziaeian, Madaen and Azadi. The sample size was 400, consisting of 200 administrative employees (50%), 151 nurses (38%) and 49 physicians (12%). The random sampling and stratified proportional sampling methods were used to select the hospitals and interviewees, respectively. Two questionnaires were developed and used to identify job characteristics and job satisfaction: 1) job diagnostics surveys (JDS) and 2) Hertzberg's job satisfaction questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaires was ascertained by test-retest using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.88). Linear-by-linear association and ordinal logistics regression analysis were used for analyzing the data gathered.Results:The relations between the Motivational Potential Score (MPS) and job characteristics (except for feedback) with job satisfaction were statistically significant (p<0.05). Task identity was the most effective determinant of job satisfaction. Conclusion: It appears that all the job characteristics (except feedback) are important determinants of job satisfaction of the hospital employees. Although the work environment is in need of restructuring, it is important to note, from a positive perspective, that the job characteristics discussed in this study are readily amenable to change job satisfaction at the organizational level.